流金岁月

Man United, England soccer great Bobby Charlton dies at 86_我的网站

一 |     12日，我国放假办法迎来了一次重要调整。新增了2天法定假日：农历除夕和5月2日。此次调整的放假办法看，有两大主要看点：一是除夕放假，春节假期延长。    MANCHESTER, England -- Bobby Charlton, an English soccer icon who survived a plane crash that decimated a Manchester United team destined for greatness to become the heartbeat of his country's 1966 World Cup-winning team, has died. He was 86.A statement from Charlton's family, released by United, said he died Saturday surrounded by his family.An extravagantly gifted midfielder with a ferocious shot, Charlton was the leading scorer for both United (249 goals) and England (49 goals) for more than 40 years until being overtaken by Wayne Rooney.“Sir Bobby was a hero to millions, not just in Manchester, or the United Kingdom, but wherever football is played around the world,” United said.“He was admired as much for his sportsmanship and integrity as he was for his outstanding qualities as a footballer; Sir Bobby will always be remembered as a giant of the game.”Alex Ferguson, who managed United from 1986-2013, said before Charlton's death that he “is the greatest Manchester United player of all time — and that’s saying something.”“Bobby Charlton is absolutely without peer in the history of the English game,” Ferguson said.Charlton was also renowned for his humility, discipline and sportsmanship. He was never sent off in 758 appearances for United from 1956-73 or 106 internationals for England from 1958-70.Charlton played with George Best and Denis Law in the so-called “Trinity” that led United to the 1968 European Cup after surviving the 1958 Munich crash that wiped out the celebrated “Busby Babes” team. He won three English league titles at United, and one FA Cup.“For a footballer, he offered an unparalleled combination of grace, power and precision,” said former United defender Bill Foulkes, another survivor of the Munich air crash.“It added up to a greatness and something more — something I can only call beauty.”Charlton’s England scoring record stood for 45 years until Rooney scored his 50th goal for the national team in September 2015. Three of his England goals came in the World Cup in 1966, during which Charlton played every minute for the team and stood out especially in the semifinals when he scored twice against Portugal to lead England to a first major final.England beat West Germany 4-2 after extra time in the final.Although Ryan Giggs beat Charlton’s appearance record for United in 2008, his scoring record for the club lasted another nine years. It was only in 2017 — 44 years after Charlton last wore the famous red jersey of England’s most successful club — that Rooney scored his 250th goal for United.After retiring in 1973, Charlton went into coaching and founded a youth scheme that included David Beckham, a future United and England great, among its participants.After brief spells in charge of Preston, Wigan and Irish side Waterford, Charlton returned to United in 1984 as a director and persuaded the board in 1986 to appoint Ferguson, who delivered 38 trophies during nearly 27 years in charge.Knighted in 1994 by Queen Elizabeth II, Charlton remains a mainstay at Old Trafford, featuring alongside Best and Law on a statue outside United’s stadium.Charlton avoided the controversies and distractions that damaged the career of Best, with his style and demeanor bringing a popularity that transcended the tribalism of club and international football.“I felt he could be a bit aloof,” the late Best said in a 2001 magazine interview. “We were never at each other’s throats, we simply didn’t go and have a pint together.”Robert Charlton was born Oct. 11, 1937, in the coal-mining town of Ashington, northeast England, and his talent was obvious from a young age.“We realized Bobby was going to be a bit special as a player when he was about 5 years old,” said older brother Jack, who played for Leeds and won the World Cup alongside him. “He was always kicking a football or a tennis ball against a wall and when it bounced back it stuck to him like a magnet.”Charlton wrote in 2007 that his family sometimes relied on illegally caught salmon or rabbit to ward off hunger, while his father — also named Robert — gathered coal washed up on local beaches and sold it to bolster his income.His father’s commitment to his mining colleagues meant that in 1966 he missed Charlton scoring both goals against Portugal in that World Cup semifinal because he didn’t want someone else to have to cover for him in the pit. He was, however, persuaded to attend the final when the Charlton brothers lifted the trophy.Charlton’s playing career began far from home in Manchester after leaving school at 15, making his United debut three years later against Charlton in 1956.Within two years, tragedy struck the tight-knit group of United players whose relationship was forged as trainees in austere conditions. The team was still celebrating winning at Red Star Belgrade to secure a place in the European Cup semifinals when their plane caught fire on its third attempt to take off in heavy snow after a refueling stop in Germany.Charlton miraculously emerged from the smoldering wreckage with only light head injuries and picked his way through the wreckage to help survivors. Spotting manager Matt Busby groaning in agony on the smoke-shrouded runway, Charlton rushed to help the father-figure who had promoted him to the first team.But eight members of the “Busby Babes” team packed with bright prospects were among the 21 fatalities. They included Duncan Edwards, considered one of England’s most talented players at 21.“Sometimes it engulfs me with terrible anger and regret and sadness — and guilt that I walked away and found so much,” Charlton wrote in 2007.Charlton became driven by a lingering obligation to preserve the memories of the Munich dead, returning to action less than four weeks later and helping a hurriedly assembled team of survivors and stand-ins reach that season’s FA Cup final.Busby rebuilt his team around Charlton, adding the 1965 and 1967 English league titles to the championship they won in 1957.“There was always one great hope — the return to greatness of my beloved club,” Charlton said.The biggest prize of his club career arrived in 1968 as United became the first English club to become champion of Europe. Charlton scored twice in a 4-1 extra-time win over a Benfica team containing Portugal great Eusebio.But Charlton is perhaps best known for being part of the England team that won the World Cup. It remains England’s only major title in men's soccer.Charlton and his brother fell out over Jack’s public assertion that Bobby’s wife caused him to become estranged from his mother. But the pair reconciled and Jack presented Bobby with a lifetime achievement trophy at the 2008 BBC Sports Personality of the Year Award.“We have had our public disputes, proving that in any family discord can sometimes disrupt the force of love and blood, but throughout that time I never lost the sense of wonder and gratitude that we were together in 1966 on such a great day in the history of our nation’s sport,” Bobby Charlton said.In November 2020, it was announced that Charlton had been diagnosed with dementia, the same disease that afflicted his brother — who died in 2020 at age 85 — and another World Cup winner, Nobby Stiles. “This man, from day one, was everything I wanted to be,” United striker Marcus Rashford wrote of Charlton after hearing about the diagnosis. “Kind, professional, caring, talented.”He is survived by his wife, Norma, whom he married in 1961, and his two daughters.___AP soccer: https://apnews.com/hub/soccer。

二 | 二是“五一”国际劳动节法定假日多1天，调休减少。从单休到双休，从三大黄金周到如今的小长假，从除夕“被踢”到重回法定假期，中国的公休制度经历了几十年的变革，步伐从未停止。每次调整，虽然看似小小的改变，却都折射出中国社会从生产导向到消费驱动的转型。这一过程中，不仅为国民提供了更多休闲和消费的机会，也有力推动国内旅游业和相关产业的发展，为经济增长注入新的活力。从“单休”到“黄金周”——中国公休制度的成长史 1949-1993：单休制度的试水与调整新中国成立初期，国家的公休制度非常简单——单休。

三 | 1949年，《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》首次提出法定假期制度，新年、春节、劳动节和国庆纪念日成为全体人民共同享有的可休假节日，其中新年、劳动节各放假1天，国庆纪念日放假2天，春节放假3天，总天数7天。此外，妇女、中等学校以上学生、儿童及军事机关人员还分别享有妇女节、青年节、儿童节、建军节各半天的假期。1949年版还规定，属于全体群众的假日，如果遇到星期日，应在周一补假；属于部分群众享有的假日，则不补假。

四 | 虽然假期安排看起来不多，但毕竟是为了解决当时特殊时期社会生产力有限的问题。不过，随着经济发展，政府也开始对劳动者的休息时间进行调整。1952年，国务院发布了《劳动就业问题的决定》，提出有害健康的工作可以减少工时，甚至实施“做三休一”制度。这一切，都是为了保证在高强度生产的同时，劳动者能够有更多的休息。1994-2006：经济腾飞，迎来了中国的“黄金周”到了90年代，改革开放带来了中国经济的飞速发展，人民生活水平也有了显著提升。

五 | 这时候，公休制度的改革加速了。

六 | 1994年，国务院出台了《职工工作时间的规定》，规定每周工作44小时，并且提出可以根据实际情况安排大小周休假。同年7月，全国人大常委会通过《中华人民共和国劳动法》，以法律形式确定8-44工作制度，并严格限制每日加班时间不超过3小时，平时、休息日、法定假日加班工资为正常水平的150%/200%/300%。1999年，假期改革的脚步再度加快。国务院改革出台新的法定休假制度，每年春节、劳动节及国庆节的法定假日均设为3天。也就是从这一年“十一”开始，旅游黄金周的概念渐渐诞生。

七 | 至此，我国法定假期提升至10天。

八 | 1999年版延续了上一版本中适合部分公民放假的节日及纪念日安排，仍为妇女节、青年节、儿童节及建军节。不同的是，将儿童节由半天延长至1天，妇女节、青年节、建军节放假时间维持半天；且对于适应人群的身份限定得更为具体、规范。对于补假安排，1999年版规定，全体公民放假的假日，如果适逢星期六，星期日，应当在工作日补假；部分公民放假的假日，如果适逢星期六，星期日，则不补假。这与1949年规定只在周一补假的情形有所不同，因而也令放假前后调休、调班现象出现，事实上每年都会出现两次“七天长假”。2007-2024：黄金周一存一废，增加传统节日进入2007年，国务院再次对《全国年节及纪念日放假办法》进行了重大调整。

九 | 五一劳动节的3+4黄金周被取消，改为1天的法定假期，但清明、端午和中秋节却被增设为法定假期，令全体公民放假的节日天数由10天增至11天。具体安排为：新年、清明节、劳动节、端午节、中秋节各1天；春节、国庆节各3天。与前两个版本都不同的是，春节开始放假的时间由初一提前到了除夕。

十 | 至此我国已确立115天法定休息日制度，并沿用至今（法定假期达11天，全年公休104天）。

十一 | 随后的几年里，假期安排逐渐向“弹性化”迈进，并引入小长假与调休制度。例如，2013年，国务院对《办法》进行了第3次修订，除夕曾被“踢”出法定假日；2015年，除夕重回春节假期，但这不代表除夕又“回归”为法定假日，而只是被纳入春节长假之中，把调休时间提前，体现了政策执行的灵活性。2023年，国务院还为2024年安排的假期新增一天，春节假期更是延长至8天，实际休假天数不断上升，2024年全年假期天数达116天，为劳动力市场带来了更多的休息与消费机会。“调休”与“放假”——假期政策的背后，隐藏着哪些商机？这次最新的调整，将农历除夕和5月2日纳入了法定假期，为春节和劳动节增添了更多的假期时间。特别是对于春节，4天的假期让大家有更多的时间享受家庭团聚的同时，也可以进行短途旅游或休闲。与此同时，国务院也强调了“合理调休”这一点，指出“除个别特殊情形外，法定节假日假期前后连续工作一般不超过6天”，给企业更多的灵活性，这不仅仅是能让员工的工作与生活更加平衡，也意味着一个更健康的消费市场正在悄然形成。假期制度的变化不仅仅是为了“休息”，更是推动经济发展的重要手段。财通证券的数据显示，2019年，中国的旅游收入达到5.7万亿元，占当年GDP的5.8%。黄金周、双休制和小长假激发了人们的出行热情，带动了酒店、景区、餐饮、交通等一系列消费产业。

十二 | 国金认为，假期政策的潜在调整（如取消调休）可能进一步激发休闲旅游需求。特别是自然景区和在线旅游平台。

十三 | 数据显示，2023年第三季度，国内旅游人次达到15.7亿，同比增长21.3%。前三季度总出游人次为42.9亿，同比增长16.8%，显示出旅游意愿的强劲释放。财通证券也指出，假期制度改革对旅游行业的经济贡献显著。

十四 | 2019年，国内旅游收入达到5.7万亿元，占当年GDP的5.8%。

十五 | 报告指出，假期制度不仅拉动了短途和长途出行的需求，还刺激了相关行业如景区、酒店、在线旅游平台（OTA）、餐饮和零售的增长。本文来自华尔街见闻，欢迎下载APP查看更多。

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Published on:10:02:30